1700-1800

=**__Atomic Theory: 1700-1800__**=

Priestly || || 1733-1804 Best known for his discovery of oxygen, he was able to isolate it and identify it. He produced it on August 1, 1774, by heating red mercuric oxide, and then it was clear that air was not an element.
 * || Joseph

Boscovic ||  ||  || 1711**-**1787 Boscovich’s atomic theory has three parts, he based them off of Newton and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. a. Material permanence without spatial extension: Quasi-material point-centers of action are substituted for the rigid finite units of matter of earlier atomists. b. Spatial relations without absolute space: Internal spatial coordinates (the distances between the two members of pairs of //puncta//) are used instead of external coordinates. c. Kinematic action without Newtonian forces: In modern dimensional terms, Boscovich's theory is kinematic rather than dynamical. It uses only two-dimensional quantities rather than the three used by Newton. Since all particles are identical, the number of particles in a system is employed in place of Newtonian mass.
 * Rudjer Josip

Newton ||  ||  || 1642-1727 Newton's Laws of Motion:  1. An object at rest will remain at rest unless acted on by an unbalanced force. An object in motion continues in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. 2. Acceleration is produced when a force acts on a mass. The greater the mass (of the object being accelerated) the greater the amount of force needed (to accelerate the object).  3. For every action there is an equal and opposite re-action.
 * Isaac